Absorber calculator. An indicator if you are signed into the store. Absorber calculator

 
 An indicator if you are signed into the storeAbsorber calculator  We have figured out an efficient method of approach in designing a suspension system for a vehicle after undergoing an elaborate research work on vehicle dynamics and various methods to design a suspension system of a four wheeled

Our success is based on the development of a broad range of standard and customized solutions, backed by over 40 years of experience and an in-house production facility. 5% for this spec. , it generates heat), and heat must be rejected from the absorber to the condenser water and cooling tower loop. The flow resistivity of the porous absorbent in Pa. , lock, water bottles, etc. Choose the acoustic improvements of your choice in step 2. 5Î 9Î — P01136The Heat loss from collector formula is defined as the heat losses that occur from the plate due to convection, conduction, and radiation and is represented as ql = Ul*Ap* (Tpm-Ta) or Heat Loss from Collector = Overall loss coefficient*Area of absorber plate* (Average temperature of absorber plate-Ambient Air Temperature). To perform activation calculations, fill in the thermal flux,. Note that the colon in the above expression indicates that MATLAB will consider all rows and ‘1’ indicates the first column. This method assumes: 1. The primary objective is to determine the height and diameter of the column. P. DampRid Moisture Absorber, 4-lb. Acoustic Calculator. cP. Rotation. Step 1: The first step in selecting a shock absorber is to gather all of the required information to size the shock absorber properly. = equilibrium constant, (mole fraction in gas)/ (mole fraction in liquid) = liquid flow rate (mol time -1) = liquid flow rate on a solute-free basis (mol time -1) = total number of stages. The No. Do not puncture or incinerate the shock absorber or damper portion. 1. 8" or more. It works by resonating the air at a set frequency. The formula for finding the spring constant, K, is: F=m (Kx+x) where F is the force exerted by the spring, m is the mass, K is the spring constant and x is the displacement of the spring. This graph shows the difference between RS45 and RS100 Multi-layer Absorber. C= velocity of light, 3 x 10 10 cm/s. 1 16. *Note, these are average amounts at sea level. The thickness of the porous absorbent in mm. Please note that our settings are a suggested. To optimize reactivity, the solution. 95Î 23. Push the suspension through its travel several times and then wipe clean any excess. The absorber needs to reduce the gas from 18% (mole) to 100 ppmv CO 2. 6. 438 kPa. If you want rear tuned absorption, build panel absorbers tuned to the lower range where the porous absorber is no longer effective. If the damping coefficient is any less than the critical one, the result will be less than 1 and imply that the system is underdamped, as expected. Number of absorbers. Free fall or free fall distance - the distance before the fall. Rigid Backed Porous Absorber. Check the gauge, and adjust the PSI again if necessary. Ask ACE. Various Absorber Models. According to Calvo et al. What is volumetric weight? Volumetric Weight or Dimensional Weight is a weight-measurement technique used in eCommerce logistics in which the weight of a package is calculated as the productgenerator to the absorber to bond again with refrigerant vapor. This guideline will assist in calculating the size, heat duty, area, and power requirements of the various pieces of equipment. These fibers are made of metal, glass, and plastic and can ride upon air currents that you will breathe in. It should be chosen to allow for full suspension travel without bottoming out or. 7%, 97. Quarter Wave Transformer Impedance Calculator. B = Distance between the bump stop and the axle (or frame, depending on. In just the past hour, the price grew by 100. 23101, Update Status October 22, 2023. Wheat, white rice, corn, and other grains. CUSTOMER_AUTH. Porous Absorber Calculator. The job of a resonator is to cancel a standing wave. Hi, Just a quick question, for straddling corner bass traps floor to ceiling which diagonal length is better: A - 40' B - 20' (I'll be usingIn an impact - like a car crash - the work made by the impact force slowing down an moving object over a distance by deforming the crumple zone can be expressed as. The depth of the enclosed airspace in the box behind the port and the width and depth of the port control the resonant frequency of the bass trap. Film Absorber. the equilibrium single-stage separation for the mixture: EO, N 2 , water, ethanol has been evaluated by the VLE model at different mixture composition and an average m = y * / x * value for EO in. Despite what many believe, the SAE range does not define the exact viscosity of. This app is designed to assist acousticians when designing environments such as home cinemas. A limp mass absorber which is foam or boxes filled with building insulation must correspond to the quarter wavelength rule and provide the necessary space requirements in order to achieve their lower frequency performance. I found this calculation after a Google search and just wanted to check I understand it correctly before getting started. Incline. ACE offers an online calculation tool to help you determine the optimal ACE shock absorber for you. 2. The distance between the holes (centre to centre) in mm (perforated panel). Finding the right Monroe® shock absorber for any commercial vehicle application just got easier. COM 42 LORD is adopted as a registered trademark. Absorber Parameters This calculator estimates the absorption coefficient of a porous aborbent covered with a perforated panel. Business, Economics, and Finance. The calculation procedure, it is hoped, will assist in absorber design and evaluation work and provide a. The lowest total absorber cost from this study is given by packing 200X-H with a value of $4. Always take it with a grain of salt. The detailed explanation below can help you successfully make a gas spring calculation for your application. Multi-layer Absorber Calculator But do note that this calculator does not include the membrane effect. Applications. 1000cc: 1. The control strategy is composed of a fuzzy controller and operates with two force levels. Free shipping, arrives in 3+ days. The introduction briefly outlined the purpose of this unit. Crane Application. Graphical Method to Find Equilibrium Stages for Absorption Columns. 8%, and 99. 1/2 of the spring and shock absorber weights. Vertical. One or the other is a question of thickness, use the porous absorber calculator to decide what you want, based on your available room space and your needs to absorb the lower frequencies. It is com. Any practical tips would be great. 3%. With the help of the overview of the calculation bases for the design of a shock absorber you will be able to select the right industrial shock absorber for your project from the ACE web catalogue. Username: Password: Forgotten password? Register 19%. . These characteristic diagrams (Force-Displacement, Velocity-Acceleration) are easily constructed from experimental data generated by standard tests. (13. Speech Reinforcement CalculatorThe Silica Gel Calculator has been created to assist our customers determine their silica gel requirements. Fall Distance Diagram with calculations. 69ft. Combustion analysis is a standard method of determining a chemical formula of a substance that contains hydrogen and carbon. Step 1 – Determine Sprung Weight. Structural design is conducted so that the unidirectional flow of the oil drives the hydraulic motor to generate electricity. I see that many people use R-30 for deep broadband traps, but I see little reference to R-20. e. Thus for 42mm of water / m of packing height K 4 = 1. Porous Absorber Calculator. Horizontal. +44 (0)1942-727440. Service will soon be required. 1 − 0. Bending The Laws. We want to help. Username: Password: Forgotten password? Register home | terms of use | privacy policy | links | contact: Copyright. Similarly if you want to separate the second row then type the following. The air in the neck is influenced by sound and puts the air in the chamber in resonation, which transforms sound energy into heat energy. add a new one. • Absorber 1 (1. 605-00-109-revA Pg. The formulas for calculating static sag and stiction are as follows: Static Sag = F1 - ( ( F2 + F3 ) / 2 ) Stiction = F3 - F2. Select the Right Varistors for Overvoltage Circuit Protection | Electronic Design. For membrane absorbers, a first approximation is k/sqrt(d*M), where k is between 50 and 60, M is the mass-per-unit-area of the membrane (kg/m^2) and d. α = I a / I i (1). Let’s start with a lower design frequency of 40 Hz. Porous Absorber Calculator. Either one wants low GFR and doesn't compress, or compress as a way to emulate the higher GFR of OC 703. If you know any other quality tools, please tell me! List of other quality acoustic calculators besides amcoustics. One side of the piston controls compression damping. The six steps. Contents hide. Other Similair Calculators. THis is wrong. THis is wrong. Rotation. s/m2: 10. Then I had a great idea to calculate the soffit using the Porous Absorber Calculator So far, what I have done is averaged the 2-dimensional space into a 1D average depth. FAQ goes here. Since condensing a non-aqueous phase is of concern, the hydrocarbon dew point is what is most important and is shown in Table 1. These porous absorber models are then used to calculate the surface impedance and absorption coefficient of different absorbents using a transfer. The Helmholtz construction contains a “chamber” (1) which is connected to the room trough a “neck” (2) (the perforation hole). (maybe someone can help with info if there is a rule for publishing AFr data, for example it could be related to the maximum available thickness of product) If you check porous absorber calculator you will see that flow resistivity value is wanted in Pascal seconds per square meter [Pas/m2]. This webpage is a reimplementation of the "Porous Absorber" sheet in the above spreadsheet using Rust and Web Assembly. Products. 1920s LORD mountings for instrument panels are usedETS-Lindgren's Wedge Absorber effectively reduces reflections between 30 MHz and 100 GHz and its RF reflectivity levels are the same as its equivalent sized pyramid absorber. Take the following measurements: A = Distance between the upper shock mount and the lower shock mount. The initial data for shock absorber calculation are the load condition of the vibration damper operation . Adding slats lowering working frequency of existing porous absorbers without slats, but because there are many combinations of slat/gap sizes, results are superposition of many theoretical working frequencies with. 45 across the frequency range. The default value is 101325 Pa. 30+ years. Contact. 75')/4=4. Studio Building / Acoustics. Write down this measurement. The idea behind the "4 inch rockwool is only effective above 850 Hz" is that because porous absorbers work on sound velocity, and particle velocity is zero close to a rigid wall, for maximum efficiency an absorber needs to be placed at least at 1/4 wavelength. Example path difference calculations (using room layout shown above) Path A – Direct Path = 14′ – 6′-5″ = 7′-7″. TUBUS calculation (permanent use) Free Calculation Service. Operating conditions 3. - Size of the construction inner volume, which is defined by the size of the frame, where the panel has been put. Liquid Viscosity. The lowest room mode you have between your ceiling and floor is at 75 Hz. Incline. ABOUT US. 34Î 7. The saturation energy of a laser gain medium is the pulse energy of an incident short signal pulse which leads to a reduction in the gain to $1/e$> (≈ 37%) of its initial value. Following are quotes regarding insulation densities. So for my 35hz peak something along the lines of:Acoustics calculator. I believe that for diaphragmatic absorbers the minimum dimension of the trap (width or height) is 1/10 of the target frequency wavelength, usually multiplied by 1,5 for the other dimension. You may be overthinking it. All of the carbon is converted to carbon dioxide, and the hydrogen is converted to water in this way. The Helmholtz construction contains a “chamber” (1) which is connected to the room trough a “neck” (2) (the perforation hole). Examples include grass, trees and other vegetation. s/m 2Created Date: 9/13/2013 11:18:36 PMabsorbers use (Cruz et al. Aug 19, 2023 - Explore 1 714-595-3880's board "Sound Solutions" on Pinterest. Record the Measurement: Note down the length you've measured. Energy to be absorbed = E1 = Mgh. Damping coefficient is a material property that measures the ability to absorb energy from a system after loading. Given that the kinetic energy capacity of the shock absorber and tire must be equal to the total energy, Eq. ACE shock absorbers provide linear deceleration and are therefore superior to other kinds of damping element. All the source code for this app is availble on my Github repo "porous_absorber". The design of gas sweetening system may be influenced by factors, including process Direction of movement. NOVEMBER 2023. TEG also absorbs VOC (volatile organic compounds) that vaporize with the water in the reboiler. Porous Absorber Calculator. 25 per kg of components that must be removed before discharge of the water. Thus, stiffness is the product of the oscillator's mass and square of the natural frequency: k = mωn2. Soft ground is porous and absorbs sound waves. !------------------------------------------------------------------------------ !M+ ! NAME: ! absorber_profile ! ! PURPOSE: ! Module containing routines to compute. By the way, a 300 mm deep absorber with 100 mm thick ~15 000 rayls/m material and 200 mm air gap will provide flat absorption down to 50 Hz for practical purposes. N = number of absorber atoms per cm 3. The calculation of wave forces on a floating WEC can be done by considering the size of the device and the length and height of the incident waves. The model is validated by comparing simulated results to experimental data for a test damper, for three discrete frequencies of sinusoidal excitation of 1,3 and 12 Hz. This article is based on my thesis for music science and describes the scientific fundamentals of sound insulation and room acoustics firstly in general and then by taking a specific project into account. Rotation. 37” before it has coil bind. Let the axle hang free. Ext. s/m 2. 18,942 cc (container volume) – 15,875 cc (food volume) = 3,067 cc (residual air volume) 3,067 (residual air volume) X 0. It calculates the acoustic absorption curve of a variety of absorption devices mounted against a rigid backing such as a brick wall. There is no danger in adding too many as this does not affect the food. This is the last material type you want inside your lungs. So now we get to my question; I understand how to calculate 1/4 wavelength, being c/Hz= (Length)/4. Calculation of "resonant frequency" of combined binary diffuser and wideband porous absorber isn't easy, but it's not needed really. Enidine Adjustable Hydraulic Series shock absorbers offer the most flexible solutions to energy absorption application requirements when input parameters vary or are not clearly defined. This is a required field. 1 Year. Dotted lines indicate that the model used to estimate absorber properties has been used outside of its applicable range. Absorber Parameters. v. Miacci 1 and Mirabel C. The calculation doesn't assume a sealed cavity, except for a resonator. equality under the compression and rebound v ibration amplitude limitation. Although there are some relationships between density and flow resistivity, it’s not always predictable. If not, choose a larger absorber (and recalculate Ew if the stroke changes) or, possibly, add an external oil tank or a cooling device to help dissipate the heat. Nor is the enhanced performance we find in corners predicted, although a simply x3 will give at least a hint. All the source code for this app is availble on my Github repo "porous_absorber". The scrubbing liquid only effects the reactivity of the flue gas with the scrubbing liquid. ACE offers offline safety- shock sizing. Business, Economics, and Finance. The purpose of this thread is to explain how to both physically hook up the connections between your computer and AVR/Pre-Pro to get started with REW (Room EQ Wizard) and to share information on the proper use of REW including proper techniques for both measuring and interpreting graphs, what. 1 Year. The Packed Column Calculator program is distributed as a trial version. Thanks! Porous absorber calculator is your friend. Mechel and Ggrundmann. Hi, I'm planning on making a vocal booth for my studio. 70-75mm. 0 with a German user interface and is developed by Marshall Day Acoustics. Bridge weight per buffer for deceleration calculation, use . The half-value thickness (HVL) and 1/10-value thickness (1/10 VL) are. 1% Oxygen in an Anoxic Enclosure Whose Leak Rate Is Known; Determination of the Oxygen Leak Rate of an Anoxic Enclosure; Determination of the Rate of Reaction of Oxygen with Ageless® ReferencesThe absorber calculation procedure using absorption and strlp­ ping-factor functions is an a. It is a 32 bit application but will run under the 64 bit versions of these operating systems. Remove the wheel and the existing shock. Vertical. It is particularly. High energy absorption in a compact design and a wide damping range lead to huge. Spring materials are spring steel,. , 2005). Absorber Parameters. My home mixing room is very long and narrow, 5. 3,5 have implemented variable stiffness and damping suspension with a MR damper to improve lateral stability of the vehicle. 5 and 5. However, this equation only provides valid estimates for failure probabilities if all units in the sample are. ACE Shockabsorber-Calculation Program Edition 10/2021, Version 06. s/m2) on the flexibatts, then you can use a porous absorber calculator. An experiment. Will the selected product be used in the European Economic Area? Yes No The preselection ensures that the product meets the law, standards and directives required in the EU. Helmholtz Calculator. First, you need to draw symmetry line in the room on the floor (I use coloured pvc electrical isolation tape, for "drawing"), but before that, you need to find it, i mean you need to find best possible symmetry in the room. Like other resonance absorbers, they can be tuned to specific frequencies, but they can also be used in conjunction with porous absorbers, such as with applied foams, for broadband applications. 146 g at 33% speed. A continuous outer thread and extensive accessories make their contribution to the success story of the MC33 to MC64. First, determine the amount of kinetic energy (EK) in. an absorber before an interaction takes place. everything RF has created a series of RF calculators to help engineers and students with common calculations that they need to conduct frequently. Draw couple of points (tape crossed) on this line with about 5cm distance (2") between points. Flow resistivity. (imag) Amend Parameters Global Parameters Air temperature: 20°C Air pressure: 101325 Pa X Axis: Frequency Range: 20Hz - 10000Hz Scale: logarithmic Resolution: medium Angle of incidence: 0° Porous model: Komatsu (2008) Helmholtz model: Ingard/Allard Absorber Parameters • Absorber 1 20mm Slotted Panel, 10mm/80mm (12. Absorbers of these thicknesses attenuate the radiation reaching the detector by a factor of two and some of the common ones are tabulated below for Co-60 (1. The results of simulation of RMC make it useful. Step 1: The first step in selecting a shock absorber is to gather all of the required information to size the shock absorber properly. g2-r cartridge kits. A resonator tuned to a wave's frequency will cancel or reduce the wave's amplitude. ii. To suppress room resonance, the Helmholtz absorber has to be built like shown below: Note also that to suppress cabinet resonance, the absorber has to be put into the cabinet. Hi every body , I wanted to share my tests! I find them intresting, and its a topic that not much measurements were been made. Use this Porous Absorber Calculator inputting Gas Flow figures from. Toggle Navigation. Note: On coil spring vehicles, the lower mount usually sits on the diff. 502(b)(6)). Spring (Rate) Parts Pack(s) 5621† Shock — — LS32 S4 14. This volume should be representative of the entire sample. Rotary damper. Gas Spring Calculator. The feed gas composition is specified. But hey, getting the perfect setup is easier said than done—well, until now. The absorption plots for a Perforated Absorber and a Slotted Absorber have been extended to allow performance comparisons to be made depending on the position of the. I was looking at some earthwool 2. I’m thinking to trap the entire back wall with 30kg/m3 - Pa. The current version of the Packed Column Calculator program is v2. Calculation Results of Axial Force Component of Shock Absorber (Traditional Modeling Method) Figures 4 and 5 show the oil resistance force of main oil hole, air spring force of low-pressure air chamber, and air spring force of high-pressure air chamber in the process of fast extension using the traditional modeling method. For stud mounts, measure from the seating surface. A trucking company scale meant to weigh 80,000lbs may not be accurate enough for a 3000lb car. You may also want to add other items to your longer-term storage such as sugar, nonfat dry milk, salt, baking soda, and cooking oil. You may need more or less depending on your individual conditions and the remaining residual volume of air. lok the Flow resistivity (Pa. 21 (oxygen) = 644 cc (oxygen absorber size requirement) The following chart is a guide to the oxygen absorber sizes you’re likely to need for some food you’ll be packing. cc = 2√ (k×m), where k is the stiffness. The ratio of the mass versus the dynamic stiffness of this spring defines the resonance frequency. It is of great significance for absorber designers to correctly understand impedance matching and its related calculation methods, because excellent impedance matching effect is an important prerequisite for absorber to consume electromagnetic wave (EMW). Between 1 and 4 absorbers can be modelled. General Information/Equipment Design. The sizing and calculation results obtained from this Software can differ from those obtained using actual equipment. 13/lb. Membrane resonators can be calculated with the Excel Spreadsheet Porous Absorber Calculator V1. Seider, University of Pennsylvania 2 Equipment Sizing and Capital Cost Estimation 3 Many sources on selection and sizing of manyMicro-perforated panel (MPP) absorber with a single uniform air cavity is regarded as a promising sound-absorbing structure; however, MPP absorption performance remains unfortunately limited due to the Helmholtz resonance mechanism, which results in more and more attention being placed on composite MPP absorbers. CryptoThis calculator uses neutron cross sections to compute activation on the sample given the mass in the sample and the time in the beam, or to perform scattering calculations for the neutrons which are not absorbed by the sample. 1 Website for Pro Audio. The price increased by 100. S is shock absorber stroke, which is the value we are trying to find. Free Vibration of SDOF Systems. Engine Services. Dielectric absorbers are usually made in a low cost foam form but can also beabsorber natural frequency ω na = q k a/m a, and the absorber damping ratio ζ= c a/(2 √ mk). The first number is the spring rate. The trap itself becomes part of the room, and build from stiff and rigid materials introduces the risk of new and changed modes. Calculation of "resonant frequency" of combined binary diffuser and wideband porous absorber isn't easy, but it's not needed really. 🙋 You may find the critical damping calculator helpful if you use this formula. OSHA code limits trolley decelerations to . So, to facilitate the searching, we have made a Suspension oil equivalence chart for you. The absorption process is exothermic (i. This result would help to know the sensitivity of a shock absorber in the different vehicles of the automobile industry. 0295 inches^2, modulus of. By changing the quantity, thickness, and arrangement of the valve shims, you can tune the shock for different operating characteristics. The Reynolds number in the capillar needs to be checked while laminar viscous flow is assumed. How come that everytime when a person asks what density they need to buy for basstrappin or reflections points, that 50% says that density matters andCalculation results show that the absorber has three perfect absorption points at 4. Between 1 and 4 absorbers can be modelled. Trav. Microperforated Panel. Tower Diameter Calculation TotalTowerArea (A T) = A D + A N . Also, stop using 4" specs/predictions for guidance in building bass traps!Hi Gang So I am putting my control room together and I have most of my design finished. 78,90. The default number is 2. 02. 1 Year. Start the calculation program and navigate to the menu item "Info" to view your current version and update status. My question now is; How do I calculate and accurately use 1/4 wavelength theory to than accurately build a diaphragmatic absorbing cabinet using barium loaded neoprene, OC703. 1. • Absorber 2. The calculator can take input for up to 10 different surfaces. There is a lot of confusion about the suspension oil to use in our front forks or shock absorbers. Its value ranges from 0 to 1, with 1 being the perfect absorber. The solvent in is assumed to contain no co2. From Hysys we get data: Partial pressure CO2 Feed = 258. I realize Ethan is referring to fiberglass and Jan is referring to wool and Jan is not specific whRadiation Heat Transfer Calculator. com multilayer absorber calculator for limp. V = velocity of the ionizing particle, cm/s. The chart assumes that containers are full and. 500cm deep. The results below were. 2m porous absorber, 1. Porous Absorber Calculator. 1. I a = sound intensity absorbed (W/m 2). 5rayls/m) 1200mm Porous Absorbent, 1500 Pa. Adding slats lowering working frequency of existing porous absorbers without slats, but because there are many combinations of slat/gap sizes, results are superposition of many theoretical working. The McCabe–Thiele graphical solution method for binary distillation is used to determine the number of equilibrium stages needed to achieve a specified separation in a distillation column. 500cc: 1. 52 = 4. The constant ϵ ϵ is called molar absorptivity or molar extinction coefficient and is a measure of the probability of the electronic transition. Bridge weight per buffer for deceleration calculation, use. 373 g at 40% speed for a Taylor Buffer. Its quality directly affects ride comfort, operation stability and safety (Zhou et al. Someone smarter than me can probably elaborate further. Calculation is a calculation. [41], a damping ratio for a typical car ranges from 0. 2. 21 (oxygen) = 644 cc (oxygen absorber size requirement) The following chart is a guide to the oxygen absorber sizes you’re likely to need for some food you’ll be packing. Gold Valves. (5. FLOAT 5 Air Pressure (psi) Recommended Rebound Setting <100 Open (counter-clockwise) 100-120 11 120-140 10 140-160 9 160-180 8 180-200 7 200-220 6 220-240 5Part II is devoted to the calculation of absorbers and the classification of absorbers. Helmholtz Absorber Calculator. 5. . At full bump, measure from where you will be mounting the bottom of the shock on the axle, to where you will mount the top of the shock. Porous Absorber Calculator. Dielectric Dielectric absorbers have no magnetic properties (i. Therefore, in absorber vent ammonia quantity = 480*0. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Helmholtz model: Ingard/Allard. One of my design elements will be to create a 14 to 15 inch thiKinetic Energy Calculation 214 Rational Brake Energy Calculation 216 Torque 217. Always consider a full service of the internals of your suspension after 80 to 150h or yearly. 00 kg . 99in/ 177. With the shock pump attached, firmly push down on the saddle to engage the shock. 373 g at 40% speed for a Taylor Buffer. 093 g at 20% speed, which effectively is . To my knowledge CO2 absorbers use specific solvent such as MEA which have a design as tray or packed absorbers or a combination of trays and packings. 472, diameter of rope = 0. If you can find the Gas Flow Resistivity of the product you could predict the absorption spectrum using this calculator. Speech Reinforcement CalculatorIn design basis we have considered ammonia absorption efficiency 95 % by wt. 146 g at 33% speed. Configurators - Meet requirements customising our products; Sizing & Selection - Select the right product dimension; Design - Draw pneumatic and electrical circuit diagrams; Set up & monitor - Sets all operations and monitors the operating status; Calculate - Calculate air. Porous Absorber Calculator. Stirred tanks, also called agitated tanks or CSTRs, are used when the absorption process includes a slow liquid-phase chemical reaction, or when close control of the process is needed.